| Diagnostic acronym | Diangostic | Port location | Built and commisioned by | Description of function | Published references |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ARIANE | Active Readout in a Neutron Environment (gated x-ray imager) | 90-89 (but uses DIM) | LLNL | ARIANE is a gated x-ray detector measuring x-ray output at yields up to ~1E16 neutrons from TCC. ARIANE uses gated MCP technology adapted to operate in this neutron regime by moving the detector to a position just outside of the target chamber wall. ARIANE is typically used in the ignition program to measure the time dependent symmetry of the hot central fuel region, similar to GXD and HGXD at lower neutron yields. A plan is in place to use a mirrored version of ARIANE for experiments with yields in excess of 1E16 neutrons from TCC. | P.M. Bell et al., “Radiation hardening of gated x-ray imagers for the National Ignition Facility,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 10E540 (2010). Jay Ayers el at., “Design and implementation of high magnification framing camera for NIF (ARIANE Light)” Proc. SPIE. 8505, Target Diagnostics Physics and Engineering for Inertial Confinement Fusion, 85050J. (October 15, 2012) V. A. Smalyuk., “X-ray imaging in an environment with high-neutron background on National Ignition Facility.” Proc. SPIE. 8144, Penetrating Radiation Systems and Applications XII, 81440N. (September 08, 2011) |
| Dante1 Dante2 |
Broadband, time-resolved x-ray spectrometer | 143-274 & 64-350 | LLNL | Dante1 and 2 are fixed soft x-ray power diagnostics for the lower and upper hemispheres. Each Dante has 18 time-resolved channels; spectral ranges are controlled by the filters, metallic mirrors, and x-ray diode material. Dante1 has five channels with mirrors, and Dante2 has eight mirrored channels. Dante measures the absolute radiant x-ray power versus time. With knowledge of the size of the LEH, this can be converted to the radiation temperature of the source. | E. L. Dewald et al., “Dante soft x-ray power diagnostic for National Ignition Facility.” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 75, 3759 (2004) J.L. Kline et al., “The first measurements of soft x-ray flux from ignition-scale hohlraums at the National Ignition Facility using DANTE,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 10E321 (2010). |
| DISC1 DISC2 DISC3 |
DIM Insert able Streak Camera | DIM | GA, LLNL | DISC is used to measure time-dependent x-ray emission from a variety of targets. To monitor the fidelity of the streak rate and the timing, an ultraviolet 4ω fiducial (ultraviolet light) is displayed on the edge of the streak record. DISC is commonly employed in experiments involving x-ray backlighting. As an example, for ignition implosion experiments, DISC is used to measure the trajectory (radius versus time) and width of the imploding shell. | Y.P. Opachich et al., “X-ray streak camera cathode development and timing accuracy of the 4 omega ultraviolet fiducial system at the National Ignition Facility,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 10E123 (2012). J. R. Kimbrough el at., “National Ignition Facility core x-ray streak camera.” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 72, 748 (2001) D. H. Kalantar el at., “Optimizing data recording for the NIF core diagnostic x-ray streak camera.” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 72, 751 (2001) J.R. Kimbrough et al., “Standard design for National Ignition Facility x-ray streak and framing cameras,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 10E530 (2010). D.G. Hicks et al., “Streaked radiography measurements of convergent ablator performance,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 10E304 (2010). |
| DIXI | Dilation Imager for X-rays at Ignition | 90-89 (but uses DIM) | LLNL | Core DIM-based diagnostic DIXI drifts and time dilates a photo-electron image of an implosion. The time dilation allows time resolution to better than 10 ps. This kind of time resolution is necessary because as the yield increases, the duration of x-ray emission reduces to 100 ps. | T.J. Hilsabeck et al., “Pulse-dilation enhanced gated optical imager with 5 ps resolution,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 10E317 (2010). S.R. Nagel et al., “Dilation x-ray imager a new/faster gated x-ray imager for the NIF,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 10E116 (2012). J. Ayers et al., “ Design and implementation of Dilation X-ray Imager for NIF "DIXI".” Proc. SPIE. 8850, Target Diagnostics Physics and Engineering for Inertial Confinement Fusion II, 88500C. (September 26, 2013) Sabrina R. Nagel el at., “ 2D magnetic field warp reversal in images taken with DIXI (dilation x-ray imager).” Proc. SPIE. 8850, Target Diagnostics Physics and Engineering for Inertial Confinement Fusion II, 88500I. (September 26, 2013) Sabrina R. Nagel et al., “Performance measurements of the DIXI (dilation x-ray imager) photocathode using a laser produced x-ray source.” Proc. SPIE. 8505, Target Diagnostics Physics and Engineering for Inertial Confinement Fusion, 85050H. (October 19, 2012) |
| EHXI | Equatorial Hard X-ray Imager | 90-110 | AWE, LLE, LLNL | EHXI is a static array of pinholes that form many low-resolution hard (>40 keV) x-ray images, typically used with hohlraum targets. When used in hohlraum experiments, the EHXI provides positions of the beams in the hohlraum from the x-rays transmitted through the hohlraum walls and TMP. The low energy cut-off is typically set by the x-ray absorption in the hohlraum wall, TMP, and a thinned-out target chamber flange. | T. Döppner el at.,”Hard x-ray (>100 keV) imager to measure hot electron preheat for indirectly driven capsule implosions on the NIF.” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 10E508 (2012) T. Döppner et al., “eHXI: a permanently installed, hard x-ray imager for the National Ignition Facility,” J. Instrum. 11, 1 (2016). |
| FFLEX FFLEX TR |
Filter Fluorescer Diagnostic | 90-110 | LANL, LLNL | FFLEX measures the absolute radiant hard x-ray power vs time in ten spectral bands (18 keV to 400 keV). The hard x-ray spectrum is typically used to determine the fraction of laser energy that went into hot electrons and the electron temperature that characterizes this electron energy distribution. | M. Hohenberger el at., “Measuring the hot-electron population using time-resolved hard x-ray detectors on the NIF.” Proc. SPIE. 8850, Target Diagnostics Physics and Engineering for Inertial Confinement Fusion II, 88500F. (September 26, 2013) E.L. Dewald et al., “Hot electron measurements in ignition relevant hohlraums on the National Ignition Facility,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 10D938 (2010). |
| GXD1 GXD2 GXD3 GXD4 |
Time-Gated X-ray Detector | DIM | LLNL | A core DIM-based diagnostic GXD records time-resolved images of the target in the x-ray spectral region. GXD uses an array of pinholes to project a series of images onto a detector. Typically, these detectors are located about 1 m from TCC. An electrically gated microchannel plate (MCP) coated with a microstrip, in conjunction with a CCD detector and phosphor, is used as the detector. The use of this GXD is limited to yields up to approximately 1E13 neutrons from TCC. For experimental campaigns involving capsule implosions, such as the ignition program, GXD is typically used to study time-dependent symmetry of the hot central emission region of a compressed ICF target. | John A. Oertel el at., “Gated x-ray detector for the National Ignition Facility.” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 77, 10E308 (2006) S. Glenn el at., “Advanced gated x-ray imagers for experiments at the National Ignition Facility.” Proc. SPIE. 8144, Penetrating Radiation Systems and Applications XII, 814409. (September 08, 2011) J. Park et al., “Calibration of a flat field soft x-ray grating spectrometer for laser produced plasmas,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 10E319 (2010). |
| HEIDI | DIM | LLNL | HEIDI is a high energy (30-70keV) point projection recording system. It utilizes time integrated image plates to record the signal of interest | Maryum F. Ahmed., “Target material collection for High-Energy Imaging Diagnostic.” Proc. SPIE. 9211, Target Diagnostics Physics and Engineering for Inertial Confinement Fusion III, 92110F. (September 10, 2014) | |
| HEMPI | High Energy Multipinhole Imager | Snout | LLNL | HEMPI images high-energy x-rays with a large field-ofview using an array of 18 pinholes with four independent filter combinations. By analyzing the differentially filtered images, a spectrum of the hard x-rays emitted from different regions of the hohlraum can be constructed. | H. Park et al., “Characterizing high energy spectra of NIF ignition hohlraums using a differentially filtered high energy multipinhole x-ray imager,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 10E519 (2010). |
| HGXD1 HGXD2 HGXD3 |
Hardened Gated X-ray Diagnostic | DIM | LLE, LLNL | HGXD measures spatially and temporally resolved x-ray emission from a imploding core containing DT/THD fuel to determine core temperature and shape. Typically, these detectors are located about 1 m from TCC. An electrically gated MCP coated with a microstrip, in conjunction with optical film and phosphor, is used as the detector. HGXDs can operate at yields up to about 1E15 neutrons from TCC. For experimental campaigns involving capsule implosions, such as the ignition program, HGXD is typically used to study time-dependent symmetry of the hot central emission region of a compressed ICF target. | S. Glenn el at., “A hardened gated x-ray imaging diagnostic for inertial confinement fusion experiments at the National Ignition Facility.” Review of Scientific Instruments 81, 10E539 (2010) S. Glenn el at., “Advanced gated x-ray imagers for experiments at the National Ignition Facility.” Proc. SPIE. 8144, Penetrating Radiation Systems and Applications XII, 814409. (September 08, 2011) D. R. Hargrove et al., “Improvements to a MCP based high speed x-ray framing camera to have increased robustness in a high neutron environment.” Proc. SPIE. 9211, Target Diagnostics Physics and Engineering for Inertial Confinement Fusion III, 92110D. (September 10, 2014) L. R. Benedetti el at., “Investigation and suppression of artifacts in x-ray framing cameras due to advance radiation incident on microchannel plates” Proc. SPIE. 8850, Target Diagnostics Physics and Engineering for Inertial Confinement Fusion II, 88500J. (September 26, 2013) G.A. Kyrala et al., “Measuring symmetry of implosions in cryogenic hohlraums at the NIF using gated x-ray detectors,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 10E316 (2010). P.M. Bell et al., “Radiation hardening of gated x-ray imagers for the National Ignition Facility,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 10E540 (2010). A. Pak et al., “Diagnosing radiative shocks from deuterium and tritium implosions on NIF,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 10E507 (2012). T. Ma et al., “ Imaging of high-energy x-ray emission from cryogenic thermonuclear fuel implosions on the NIF,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 10E115 (2012). |
| NXS | NIF X-ray Spectrometer , | DTRA, LLE, LLNL | SNL, LLNL | NXS complements the existing absolutely calibrated, time-integrated Super Snout II x-ray spectrometer. This spectrometer consists of a Bragg crystal and associated mount, attached to a DISC streak camera and installed in a standard NIF Diagnostic Insertion Manipulator . NXS has a spectral coverage range in the 3 to 16 keV by selectable configurations, a temporal resolution of ≈100 ps, and a spectral resolving power E/ΔE≈500. | |
| RFPI | Ross Filter Pair Imaging | Appendage | LLNL | An array of “Ross filtered” pinholes measures the temperature and density sensitive Bremsstrahlung emission. This data provides estimates of hot spot mass, mix mass, and pressure, as well as broadband time-integrated absolute x-ray self-emission images of the imploded core. | |
| SPBT | South Pole Bang Time | Uses port 161, 146 records on the LOS of 0-180 | LLE, LLNL | SPBT has a fixed x-ray detector measuring the x-ray diffracted off an x-ray crystal spectrometer at a distance of about 2 meters from target chamber center. This instrument is typically used in ignition related experiments to measure the time of peak x-ray emission relative to the laser pulse, as seen through the lower LEH. This interval, which is on the order of 20 nanoseconds from the start of the laser pulse for ignition implosions, is referred to as the “bang time.” Because the signal is relayed through several tens of meters of cable to an electrical recorder, the SPBT can measure the bang time to an accuracy of about 50 ps. Therefore, the SPBT cannot accurately measure the x-ray emission history of an implosion, the duration of which is on the order of 150 picoseconds. | D.H. Edgell et al., “South pole bang-time diagnostic on the National Ignition Facility,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 10E119 (2012). Joseph R. Kimbrough el at., “Performance improvements of PCDs for measuring x-ray bang time.” Proc. SPIE. 8505, Target Diagnostics Physics and Engineering for Inertial Confinement Fusion, 850506. (October 15, 2012) |
| SGEMP 90,315 SGEMP 90,78 |
System Generated Electromagnetic Pulse | DIM | LLNL | SGEMP measures the system generated electromagnetic pulse for the plasma interaction from the NIF laser. | |
| SPIDER | Streaked Polar Instrumentation for Diagnosing Energetic Radiation | 7,90 | SNL, LLNL | The x-ray burn history from an implosion is measured by SPIDER. This is a fixed instrument that views the x-ray emission from an implosion at about 10 keV through the upper LEH at a viewing angle of 7 degrees off vertical. The detector is a DISC x-ray streak camera, with a 4ωultraviolet timing fiducial. Spider is designed to run in a 5E16 neutron yield by design. | Y.P. Opachich et al., “X-ray streak camera cathode development and timing accuracy of the 4 omega ultraviolet fiducial system at the National Ignition Facility,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 10E123 (2012). S.F. Khan et al., “Measuring x-ray burn history with the Streaked Polar Instrumentation for Diagnosing Energetic Radiation (SPIDER) at the National Ignition Facility,” Proc. SPIE 8505 (2012). |
| SXI-L SXI-U |
Static X-ray Imager | 161,326 18-123 |
LLNL | The SXI diagnostics are two pinhole cameras, mounted on retractable positioners at 18o from top of the target chamber and 19o to bottom of the target chamber . They deliver time-integrated pinhole images in the x-ray energy band of 3-5 keV, defined by a titanium filter . One camera also has a multilayer mirror + copper filter to produce an image at 900 eV, the x-ray energy at the peak of a 300 eV black body. . The images are recorded on either image plates or CCDs, depending on the expected neutron yield. For hohlraum experiments, the SXIs view the x-rays from inner walls of the hohlraums through the LEH. The time-integrated size of the LEH (taking into account closure during the laser pulse) is measured by the SXIs. For planar target experiments, these instruments can also measure the position of the laser spots by measuring the resulting x-ray emission with respect to fiducial markings on the target. | M. D. Landon el at., “Design of the National Ignition Facility static x-ray imager .” Review of Scientific Instruments 72, 698 (2001) M.B. Schneider et al., “Images of the laser entrance hole from the static x-ray imager at NIF,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 10E538 (2010). M.B. Schneider et al., “Soft x-ray images of the laser entrance hole of ignition hohlraums,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 10E525 (2012). |
| Supersnout II (multi-wavelength) | Multi-wavelength X-ray Spectrometer | Snout | Two four-channel elliptical crystal Supersnout spectrometers with medium resolution are used to record K shell x-rays from dopants such as germanium and copper from the plastic ablator once they mix into the hot spot and emit x-rays. | ||
| TARDIS | Target Diffraction | 90,239 TARPOS | The Target Diffraction In-Situ (TARDIS) diagnostic contains a diffraction crystal, image plate detectors, and diffraction target inside a shielded box. There is a backlighter target external to the box. Drive beams heat a carefully designed ablator to ramp compress the target to a high pressure, and, at the appropriate time, backlighter beams produce a quasi - monochromatic K-shell x–ray source which diffracts off the compressed target onto the image plates. | Maryum F. Ahmed el at., “ X-ray diffraction diagnostic design for the National Ignition Facility.” Proc. SPIE. 8850, Target Diagnostics Physics and Engineering for Inertial Confinement Fusion II, 88500N. (September 26, 2013) |