Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory



January 9, 2020

Photo of Constantine Karkazis of NIF’s Optics Mitigation Facility working on a repairConstantine Karkazis of NIF’s Optics Mitigation Facility works on a repair. The facility recently achieved a major milestone: the 10,000th optic processed. Credit: Jason Laurea

The National Ignition Facility (NIF) operates at such a high energy level that optical glass components in a key section of the world’s largest and most energetic laser system are particularly susceptible to laser damage.

To help ensure the facility maintains its heavy schedule of important experiments, NIF relies on a team of optics experts and a technologically advanced system that routinely monitors and repairs those components.

Photo of the 10,000th optic processed by the Optics Mitigation Facility
The 10,000th optic processed by the Optics Mitigation Facility. Credit: David Martin (Click to enlarge)

The team recently celebrated a significant milestone — the 10,000th optic processed by the Optics Mitigation Facility (OMF) since NIF’s Optics Recycle Loop process launched in 2009.

“This milestone optic is a symbol of the impressive sustained success of the NIF optics loop in support of the NIF shots and of the great work of the team to make it happen,” said Tayyab Suratwala, NIF & Photon Science program director for Optics and Materials Science & Technology.

The milestone also represented the remarkable achievements and around-the-clock efforts by the team, said Optics Loop Production Manager Brian Welday. The team includes members of Production, Engineering and Maintenance, Process Engineering, Science and Technology, Data Analysis and Management, and the NIF Optics Lifetime working group.

“It really was such a huge team effort,” Welday said. “This couldn’t be done without all of them.”

NIF celebrated the milestone in October with the completion of repairs on one of the optics from the ultraviolet (UV) section, where lenses direct the system’s 192 laser beams toward their final destination — the center of the Target Chamber. The final optics assemblies (FOA) house optics that change laser light from infrared to the higher-frequency ultraviolet.

With a NIF laser pulse capable of delivering about 2.15 megajoules (MJ) of UV energy, the optics are made as damage-resistant as possible. Still, even the tiniest flaws, defects, and contaminants can absorb the laser light and initiate damage that can degrade performance.

Photo of OMF operators commemorationg the 10,000th optic processed milestone
OMF Operators commemorate the 10,000th optic processed milestone. (From left): Jeremy Janssen, Scott Trummer, Devon Wirtley, David Martin, Derek Hickman, and Constantine Karkazis. Credit: Raymond Aboud (Click to enlarge)

And with each laser shot, initial surface damage as tiny as a fraction of the diameter of a human hair can grow, limiting the installed lifetime of the optic.

“As NIF has turned up the power and energy, new sources of damage to the optics show up,” Welday said.

The Optics Recycle Loop was developed to recycle fused silica final optics, both wedged focus lenses and grating debris shields, to avoid the more expensive cost of frequently fabricating and installing new optics.

In 2017, OMF received a major software upgrade to automate the optics mitigation process, which significantly reduced the time needed to reach the latest recycling milestone. Technicians who used to monitor each step can now let the software take over to finish the hours-long task overnight.

“The ability to do overnight mitigation helped us reach this milestone much faster,” Welday said. “That wouldn’t have happened for quite a while longer if we didn’t have automation.”

Another factor in reaching the milestone, he added, is the preparation that goes on before the optic even arrives in the OMF, which processes about 40 optics per week.

“For every optic that comes off, the team has to strip off the old coating, put on new coating, and perform various inspections and metrology to make sure the optic still meets our strict performance requirements,” he said. “This is only possible due to the hard work of the folks in all our production facilities to help prepare these optics for mitigation.”

—Benny Evangelista

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